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Applying sustainable UX to reduce a website’s carbon output

UX CASE STUDY | DAMIEN LUTZ

Overview

About

Challenge:
Reduce web page energy draw and carbon output, and improve page load speed, without degrading the user experience

Client:
Vodafone

B2C

My Role:
Sustainable UX Designer

UXUI

Key Outcomes

Impact

93.75% less carbon per view

From 3.36g to 0.21g

90% faster to full interaction

From 18.8s to 1.8s

Always improving

The site continues to improve through ongoing tweaks

Future Scouting website home page on a laptop
Future Scouting website home page on a laptop

Discovery

The home page was the obvious starting point, and the data confirmed it

Future Scouting↗ is one of my personal design projects, where I research and experiment with life-centred design, sustainable UX, and futuring — producing Medium articles, tools, and guidebooks. The site is built on WordPress.

With many pages to consider, starting sustainable thinking in digital can feel overwhelming. I began by reviewing analytics to identify the highest-traffic pages, then chose the home page as the starting point.

Benchmarking

I used online carbon calculators to measure the home page’s baseline carbon output and load speed — the numbers to beat from here on.

Baseline metrics

3.36g carbon per view

Baseline carbon output

403 kg carbon per year

Annual output at baseline traffic

18.8 seconds to full interaction

Baseline page load speed

Assessing for sustainable UX opportunities

Using sustainable UX best practices as a guide, I assessed every UX and UI element on the home page for opportunities to improve.

Energy eaters identified

Images

Not all images were optimised and sized efficiently

Fonts

Multiple non-system fonts used throughout, not sparingly — these draw more energy to load and render than system fonts

Colour

Mostly white backgrounds, which use more energy to display on screens than darker colours

Plugins

Multiple plugins running for unnecessary dynamic effects

Iteration 1

Addressing the four energy eaters cut carbon by 87.5% in one round

Based on the assessment, I addressed each energy eater directly on the home page — one of the highest-traffic pages.

Iteration 1 improvements

Image optimisation

Converted main PNG logo (93KB → 56KB) and reduced various image sizes across the page

Reduced fonts

Cut custom font use back to headers only

Darkened colours

Darkened all light backgrounds

Removed unnecessary plugins

Cut plugins being used only for dynamic visual effects

Results after Iteration 1

I ran a sketching session with the wider squad to generate ideas from non-designers, then developed the strongest ideas into first-iteration wireframes, building toward hi-fi designs as testing progressed.

Results after Iteration 1

0.42g carbon per view

Down from 3.36g

50.56 kg carbon per year

Down from 403 kg

9.2 seconds to full interaction

Down from 18.8s

Iteration 2

A carousel added, tested, then cut—if it doesn’t earn its energy, it goes

With the biggest energy eaters addressed, Iteration 2 focused on content efficiency and honest testing—including adding a feature only to remove it when the energy cost wasn’t justified by usage.

Home page improvements

With the biggest energy eaters addressed, Iteration 2 focused on content efficiency and honest testing—including adding a feature only to remove it when the energy cost wasn’t justified by usage.

Iteration 2 — home page improvements

Removed carousel

Implemented and tested an information carousel, then removed it after finding low engagement didn’t justify its energy impact

Reduced repetitive content

Identified and merged repetitive links, content, and pages across the site

Reduced external images

Replaced images loaded via external URLs with self-hosted, optimised, and cached versions

Site-wide technical improvements

Beyond the design and content work, I also made a set of more technical changes across the entire site—not visible to users, but with a meaningful impact on energy use and load performance.

Iteration 2 — site-wide technical improvements

Green hosting

Switched to GreenGeeks, one of the few providers within budget using renewable energy and/or carbon offsets

Image caching

Improved caching to reduce unnecessary image reloads on repeat visits

Lazy loading

Activated lazy loading so images only load when they enter the viewport

Automatic image optimisation

Installed a plugin to automatically optimise any new images uploaded to the site going forward

Results after Iteration 2

Results after Iteration 2

0.21g carbon per view

Down from 0.42g

24.25 kg carbon per year

Down from 50.56 kg

8.6 seconds to full interaction

Down from 9.2s

Ongoing iterations

Small tweaks over time brought load speed down another 80%

Sustainable UX isn’t a project with an end date — it’s an ongoing practice. Beyond the two defined iterations, I’ve continued making small improvements over time, tracked against the same benchmark metrics.

The carbon output has stayed stable at 0.21g per view. The biggest gain from ongoing work has been in load speed, which continued to drop well below the Iteration 2 result.

Current metrics

0.21g carbon per view

Holding stable

24.25 kg carbon per year

Holding stable

1.8 seconds to full interaction

Down from 8.6s after Iteration 2

Outcomes

A measurable digital transformation for sustainability

Across two defined iterations and ongoing tweaks, the site went from one of the worst-performing pages I’d assessed to one of the cleanest, without any degradation to the user experience.

Overall reductions

93.75% less carbon per view

From 3.36g to 0.21g

94% less carbon per year

From 403 kg to 24.25 kg

90% faster to full interaction

From 18.8s to 1.8s

Beyond the numbers

The work also proved a few things about how to do sustainable UX well — testing assumptions, addressing root causes systematically, and looking past design alone for impact.

Each energy eater addressed systematically

Assessment first, then iteration — not guesswork

Testing prevented waste

The carousel was added, measured, and removed when data showed it didn’t justify its energy cost

Sustainability went beyond UX

Switching to green hosting and implementing site-wide technical improvements extended the impact beyond what design alone could achieve