Applying sustainable UX to reduce a website’s carbon output
UX CASE STUDY | DAMIEN LUTZ
Overview
About
Challenge:
Reduce web page energy draw and carbon output, and improve page load speed, without degrading the user experience
Client:
Vodafone
My Role:
Sustainable UX Designer
Key Outcomes

Discovery
The home page was the obvious starting point, and the data confirmed it
Future Scouting↗ is one of my personal design projects, where I research and experiment with life-centred design, sustainable UX, and futuring — producing Medium articles, tools, and guidebooks. The site is built on WordPress.
With many pages to consider, starting sustainable thinking in digital can feel overwhelming. I began by reviewing analytics to identify the highest-traffic pages, then chose the home page as the starting point.
Benchmarking
I used online carbon calculators to measure the home page’s baseline carbon output and load speed — the numbers to beat from here on.
Assessing for sustainable UX opportunities
Using sustainable UX best practices as a guide, I assessed every UX and UI element on the home page for opportunities to improve.
Images
Not all images were optimised and sized efficiently
Fonts
Multiple non-system fonts used throughout, not sparingly — these draw more energy to load and render than system fonts
Colour
Mostly white backgrounds, which use more energy to display on screens than darker colours
Plugins
Multiple plugins running for unnecessary dynamic effects
Iteration 1
Addressing the four energy eaters cut carbon by 87.5% in one round
Based on the assessment, I addressed each energy eater directly on the home page — one of the highest-traffic pages.
Image optimisation
Converted main PNG logo (93KB → 56KB) and reduced various image sizes across the page
Reduced fonts
Cut custom font use back to headers only
Darkened colours
Darkened all light backgrounds
Removed unnecessary plugins
Cut plugins being used only for dynamic visual effects
Results after Iteration 1
I ran a sketching session with the wider squad to generate ideas from non-designers, then developed the strongest ideas into first-iteration wireframes, building toward hi-fi designs as testing progressed.
Iteration 2
A carousel added, tested, then cut—if it doesn’t earn its energy, it goes
With the biggest energy eaters addressed, Iteration 2 focused on content efficiency and honest testing—including adding a feature only to remove it when the energy cost wasn’t justified by usage.
Home page improvements
With the biggest energy eaters addressed, Iteration 2 focused on content efficiency and honest testing—including adding a feature only to remove it when the energy cost wasn’t justified by usage.
Removed carousel
Implemented and tested an information carousel, then removed it after finding low engagement didn’t justify its energy impact
Reduced repetitive content
Identified and merged repetitive links, content, and pages across the site
Reduced external images
Replaced images loaded via external URLs with self-hosted, optimised, and cached versions
Site-wide technical improvements
Beyond the design and content work, I also made a set of more technical changes across the entire site—not visible to users, but with a meaningful impact on energy use and load performance.
Green hosting
Switched to GreenGeeks, one of the few providers within budget using renewable energy and/or carbon offsets
Image caching
Improved caching to reduce unnecessary image reloads on repeat visits
Lazy loading
Activated lazy loading so images only load when they enter the viewport
Automatic image optimisation
Installed a plugin to automatically optimise any new images uploaded to the site going forward
Results after Iteration 2
Ongoing iterations
Small tweaks over time brought load speed down another 80%
Sustainable UX isn’t a project with an end date — it’s an ongoing practice. Beyond the two defined iterations, I’ve continued making small improvements over time, tracked against the same benchmark metrics.
The carbon output has stayed stable at 0.21g per view. The biggest gain from ongoing work has been in load speed, which continued to drop well below the Iteration 2 result.
Outcomes
A measurable digital transformation for sustainability
Across two defined iterations and ongoing tweaks, the site went from one of the worst-performing pages I’d assessed to one of the cleanest, without any degradation to the user experience.
Beyond the numbers
The work also proved a few things about how to do sustainable UX well — testing assumptions, addressing root causes systematically, and looking past design alone for impact.
Each energy eater addressed systematically
Assessment first, then iteration — not guesswork
Testing prevented waste
The carousel was added, measured, and removed when data showed it didn’t justify its energy cost
Sustainability went beyond UX
Switching to green hosting and implementing site-wide technical improvements extended the impact beyond what design alone could achieve
